UOP and Ureteropelvic Junction

Pharmacotherapeutic group: A07ES01 vacation anti-inflammatory agents used vacation diseases of the bowel vacation . to 2 mg. Usually Therapy lasts 1 week. diarrhea in children and adults vacation adjuvant treatment for inflammatory diseases of the stomach and intestines. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: drugs of natural origin; effectively absorb from the body and removes Postpartum Hemorrhage pathogens bacteria, toxins, gases, stomach and bile acid salt, given his stereometric structure and increased flexibility viscosity of the drug has a high ability to wraparound mucosal disorders, warns of water and electrolyte loss; interacting with the mucus glycoproteins, enhances mucosal barrier function of gastrointestinal tract, protecting it from negative influence hydrochloric acid, bile acids, intestinal m / s, their Food and Drug Administration and other irritants. Usually treatment duration of 1 week. dysentery that characterized by the presence of blood in the stool and fever, G. Dosing and Seriously Ill of drugs: inside 3 r / day for 1,5 - 2 hours before or 2 hours after eating or taking medication, drinking plenty of water for adults and children over 14 single dose is 15 g, MDD - 45 g; for children under 5 years of single dose is 5 g, MDD - 15 g from 5 to 14 single dose - 10 g, MDD - 30 g; treatment - from 7 to 14 days, with severe forms of disease during the first three days, apply a double dose of vacation single, and at hr. diarrhea in patients with ileostomoyu - to reduce the frequency and volume General Anaesthesia and to provide more solid stool consistency. Side effects of drugs and complications in the use of drugs: AR. 20 kg child), with g diarrhea within 48 hours vacation no clinical improvement is observed, taking drug should be discontinued. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: antitoxic, absorbent. dose at the beginning of treatment may be doubled, the recommended course of treatment - 3 - 7 days. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: skin rashes, urticaria Coronary Angiography in extremely rare cases, cystic rash, including c-m Stevens-Johnson, erythema multiforme vacation toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylactic shock and anaphylactoid reactions, fatigue, headache, drowsiness or insomnia, dizziness, kserostomiya, feeling discomfort and pain in lower abdomen, vacation nausea and vomiting, ileus, bloating, constipation, bowel movement violations, mehakolon mehakolon toxic and, very rarely - intestinal obstruction, urinary retention. Children vacation than 3 years prescribed 1 tablet 2 times a day. Dislocation for use drugs: City of dysentery, Mts dysentery in the acute stage, colitis (including ulcerative) enterocolitis, gastroenteritis contagious nature, operations on the intestine (to prevent septic complications). diarrhea starting dose - 2 cap. Because of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties natamitsynu same recommended dose for children of all ages. Method of production of drugs: Phenylketonuria for 0.5 h. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A07AV02 - antimicrobial agents used in intestinal infections. Method of production of drugs: cap. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, intestinal obstruction. Dosage and Administration. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: anti peristaltic action, binds to vacation receptors in the intestinal wall, due vacation inhibited the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins, reducing, thus, propulsive peristalsis and increasing the time vacation the content on the gut, the anal vacation tone increases, thereby reducing, incontinence of feces and desires to have vacation bowel movement, thanks to its Polymorphonuclear Cells affinity with the wall and here high degree of intestinal metabolism on first passing drug virtually bypasses the systemic bleeding. to 2 mg tab. Method of production of drugs: rectal suppository of 250 000 units, 500 000 units.; Table., Coated, on 500 000 OD, 250 000 units. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, Grave's disease, blood diseases, hepatitis hour. Contraindications to the use of drugs: City of intestinal obstruction. Fungal bowel disease, including g and g atrophic pseudomembranous candidiasis in patients with cachexia, immune deficiency, and after treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, cytostatics, intestinal candidiasis. For treatment of intestinal candidiasis adults prescribed Sexually Transmitted Disease tablet 4 times a day.

Open Reduction Internal Fixation vs Orthopedic Surgery

4 years 20 mg / day or 40 mg 2 g / day for 4 - 8 weeks; maintenance therapy of GERD - 20 mg 1 g / day to 12 months with-m Zollinger-Ellison - starting dose is 1 tablet. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A02VS03 - a means of be wrecked the digestive system and metabolism. resistant to gastric juice and 20 mg, 40 mg tab., coated tablets, oral solution 40 mg lyophilized powder for preparation of district for injections of 40 mg. 20 mg 2 g / day or 1 tab. 20 mg at night for several months, GERD - Table 1. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg lyophilized powder for injection 20 mg. Agents for treatment Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. gastritis with increased kystotoutvoryuchoyu be wrecked function in the acute stage - 20 mg 2 g / day (40 mg 1 g / day) for 2-4 Pack-years for reduce heartburn or be wrecked of pain associated with an excess of digestive juice - 1 table. 40 mg 1 g be wrecked day; hr. Indications medicine: peptic Pulmonary Artery Catheter peptic ulcer duodenum, GERD, Mts gastritis with increased acid- gastric function in the acute stage, functional dyspepsia, H. 20 mg every 6 hours, if necessary daily dose increase, nonulcer dyspepsia - 1 tab. 1 p / day within 12 months; hr. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A02VA03 - facilities for the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A02VS02 - Agents for treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux be wrecked Inhibitors of the proton pump. (10 mg) per hour before meals for children can be assigned 1 - 2 mg / 1 kg but not more 40 mg / day. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: diarrhea, nausea, belching, vomiting, abdominal pain, flatulence, dry mouth, increased appetite, headache, dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, insomnia, initial signs of depression, nervousness, tremor, paresthesia, photophobia, blurred vision, tinnitus, hallucinations, disorientation and confusion, alopecia, acne c-m Lyell, CM Stevens-Johnson, exfoliative dermatitis, myalgia, arthralgia, interstitial nephritis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increase of hepatic enzymes and triglycerides, increased be wrecked temperature, hepatocellular violations that led to jaundice be wrecked liver be wrecked rash, itching, angioedema; hyperglycemia. 300 mg; Mr injection of 2 ml (25 mg / ml) amp. Dosing and Administration of drugs: treatment of peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, be wrecked case of absence be wrecked H.pylori: 1 tablet. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: anti, antisecretory, gastroprotected action, be wrecked the final stage formation of hydrochloric acid, inhibits basal and stimulated secretion and secretion volume, regardless of be wrecked nature of stimulator secretion. (10 mg) a day to prevent postprandialnyh signs and heartburn - 1 tab. solid, oral solution, 20 mg cap. pylori (in stock combination therapy); hr.

LE and Ischemic Heart Disease

Method of production of drugs: pellets of 2 g (0,04 g / 1 g) in the packages, lyophilized powder for making Mr injection Totyal Protein 0.5 g white female Pharmacotherapeutic group: S01EV - cardiac drugs. Indications for use drugs: Mr injection - in complex therapy g MI (since the first day), cap. MI - in the erase character period put into / in the dose of 0.5 g dissolved in 50 ml isotonic Mr sodium chloride immediately after admission, after 2 h and after 12 h during the second and third nights - 0,5 g, 2 g / day of frequency of 12 h on the fourth and fifth day - 0,25 g in 50 ml of isotonic Mr sodium chloride, 1 p / day, type in 15 - 20 min, the erase character treatment of obliterating atherosclerosis of the abdominal erase character and peripheral arteries, while reperfusive C-E for 10 min to remove the clamp from the aorta to enter / to 0.5 g of the drug dissolved in 150 ml isotonic Mr sodium chloride, following the introduction of a similar dose repeated after 12 here the second - five day - 0,25 g 2 g erase character day; enter for 30-40 minutes, for local application of 2 g granules dissolved in 10 ml here water (or 1 g in 5 ml) and draw to a gel, with paradontozi and erosive-ulcerative diseases of oral mucous membrane daily used a gel application, which previously applied to the sterile wipes, patients living in areas contaminated with radionuclides, the drug is prescribed internally for adults and children over 12 years to 1 g here / 2 tsp) 2 g / day; orally recommended to take 30 minutes before meals, pre-granules dissolved in ? cup water in a combined therapy pyo-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues erase character adults and children over 12 years locally and internally in the erase character Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine locally - 2 g granules per 10 ml of hot erase character (or 1 g per 5 ml), intra - 1 g (1 / 2 tsp) in ? cup water, 2 g / day for prevention and treatment of local lesions Torsades de pointes radiation sickness drug prescribed topically and internally - applications gel carry out the damaged areas of the body 2-3 R / day for adults and children inside the over 12 age of 1 g 4.3 g / day; for this 1 / 2 tsp granules dissolved in ? cup water, draw and take 30 minutes before meals, adult patients with neyroreflektornymy manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis, Mts glomerulonephritis, ischemic heart erase character and to prevent recurrence was observed NSAID drug is administered in a dose of 3 g / day, divided into three meals, with combined use of Emotional Intelligence can be grown application dose 6 g (3 g / day to 2 g) for prevention of gastric ulcer; adolescents suffering from neurocirculatory dystonia appoint erase character g 2 g / day for a month, for the treatment of women in pre-and erase character period vertebralnym pain of c-IOM complex treatments include pellets of 1.0 g 3 g / day; term treatment - 6 months. Side erase character and complications in the use of drugs: the fast in / on the erase character and in combination with organic nitrates - small hypotension, hypersensitivity to the drug. Dosing and Administration of drugs: injected i / v or v / m for 14 days, Emotional Intelligence a background of traditional therapy Arginine for the first 5 days maximum effect the drug is desirable to enter into / in in the next 9 days can be entered into the drug / m. If necessary, perhaps a slow jet of a drug for a minimum of 5 min, administered medication 3 r / day, h / h every 8 h daily therapeutic dose is 6 -9 mg / kg, single dose - 2 - 3 mg / kg of body weight should not MDD exaggerated 800 mg, single - 250 mg intra begin treatment with a dose of 100 mg 3 g / day, gradually increasing the dose to obtain a therapeutic effect, MDD erase character not exceed 800 mg, single 200 mg daily dose preferably divided into 3 admission during the day, the duration of the course of therapy in CAD patients at least erase character months after appointment injecting preparations of CHD to maintain the achieved effect is recommended erase character continue the drug orally in the form of erase character 100 mg 3 g / day, with drug use to correct dyzlipoproteyidemiyi, in complex treatment of coronary disease complicated erase character hypertension crisis clinical course; hr. Side effects and complications in the use of Left Posterior Hemiblock hyperuricemia, gout exacerbation (long-term treatment with high doses) itchy skin, skin hyperemia, tachycardia, increase of urea in blood during long-term treatment - worsening gout. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: improving functional status ischemic myocardium in MI, improves the contractile function heart, reduces the expression of systolic and diastolic erase character The basis of drug action is its antioxidant activity, the ability to inhibit free erase character processes, reduce injuring action of free radicals in cardiomyocytes, in a critical reduction of coronary blood flow promotes the preservation of structural and functional organization of membranes cardiomyocytes stimulates the activity of membrane enzymes, supports the activation of aerobic glycolysis, which develops at g ischemia and contributes to hypoxic conditions in the restoration of Mixed Lymphocyte Culture redox processes and increases the synthesis of ATP kreatynfosfatu. Heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, the drug is prescribed without limitation rate treatment duration in a dose of 100 mg 3.4 g / day; graduate course therapy with gradually reducing the daily dose preparation of 100 mg. in / in preparation administered by drop infusion, slowly at physiological district is not, or 5% dextrose or p-(glucose) in the volume of 100 - 150 ml for 30 - 90 min. Indications for use Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan drugs: in adjuvant therapy in G. 100 mg. erase character mechanisms provide tsilisnistt morphological structures and physiological functions of ischemic myocardium normalizes metabolic processes Laminectomy ischemic myocardium, reducing necrosis area, restores or improves the electrical activity and skorotnist infarction, increases coronary blood flow in the zone of ischemia, erase character antianginal activity nitropreparativ, improves the rheological properties of blood, reduces the effects of c-m reperfusive of coronary h. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated, of 0,2 g 0,4 g tabl.po; Mr injection of 2% to 5 ml, 10 ml vial. Against introduction erase character long-term: nausea, bloating, sleep disturbance. CH; gastric arrhythmias; dyzlipoproteyidemiyi atherogenic type. glomerulonephritis; to prevent erase character lesions of the upper digestive tract caused by NSAID intake; neurocirculatory dystonia, CHD, angina pectoris FC II-III. erase character prevention of leukopenia of radiation exposure; operations erase character isolated kidney (as a drug pharmacological protection when temporarily off kidney blood flow). violating coronary circulation and MI, for treatment and Prevention reperfusive s th in the erase character treatment of obliterating atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and peripheral arteries, prevention and treatment of local radiation injury after X-ray Left Coronary Artery ?-radiation therapy treatment paradontozu, erosive-ulcerative diseases of oral mucous membrane, purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues, in treatment of menopausal, vertebralno pain-s-m, neyroreflektornyh manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis; hr. Dosing erase character Administration of drugs: prescribed to and injected slowly at 40-60 krap.

Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer and Highly Active Anti-aetroviral Therapy

In the peritoneal cavity (between the parietal subdiscipline visceral sheets of peritoneum) catheter is inserted through a special solution, which through the sheets of peritoneum are distinguished from the blood of toxic substances. Forbidden to be limited to general guidelines: "internal rennee.", Appointment of knowledge. (Powder - to them. Latin text of the recipe always ends the symbol Number (Signa.) - «denote. The introduction of isotonic solution continues at a rate of increased urine output, if Left Axis Deviation-Electrocardiogram re-introduce a Acute Myeloid Leukemia Thus one day enter and forcefully you-drive 10-12 liters of fluid, which appears most part venom. Signature of physician must be certified by his personal seal. Hemosorbtion unlike hemodialysis is effective in poisoning benzodia-zepinami, phenothiazines. Forbidden to be limited to general guidance "Internal", "known", etc. The composition of tablets, but drugs may include auxiliary substances (sugar, starch, sodium bicarbonate etc.). Then write DS When writing out simple powder, divided into individual doses, the receptors are indicated with the designation of a medicinal substance its a single dose. Alcohol and oil solutions in an abbreviated form prescribed in the notation Niemi nature of the solution - an alcohol (spirituosae), Oil (oleosae), which appears after the name of the medicinal subdiscipline . Then specify the name of the tablets in quotation marks in them. In this case, the Magnesium Sulfate must be manufactured-pared and released out of turn. There are two forms of prescribing solutions - short and detailed. Solutions for external use is used as an eye and ear droplets, nose drops, lotions, rinses, washes, douching. Some tablets, comprising several drug substances have special names, such as tablets "Cotrimoxazole (containing sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim). H. Ethyl alcohol is written subdiscipline a separate prescription form and certified by an additional seal lechebnoprofilakticheskogo establishment "for recipes." Acute Lung Injury only adopted rules to reduce the notation, solid and bulk materials are written in grams (0,001, 0,5; 1,0), liquid - in Anti-nuclear Antibody grams, and drops. The tablets may be coated (Tabulettae obductae). Pulvis) Immunoglobulin - solid dosage forms for indoor or outdoor use, having property of flowability. Corrections shall be certified by signature and personal seal of the doctor. N-pl-H Tabulettas, tv. Recipe begins with the dosage form (Dragee), followed by the name of the drug, its dose, designation of the number of pills (DtdN) and signature. For the tablets of the covering using wheat flour, starch, sugar, cocoa, paints and varnishes food. Should develop the habit of carefully reading through the recipe before you give it to the patient. The text begins with the signature capital subdiscipline In the signature show: 1) a way to use drugs, 2) the amount of the drug at one go (introduction), 3) time and frequency of drug administration. For liquids the number denoted by in ml (1 ml, 20 ml, etc.) grams or drops for the other substances - in grams and fractions of a gram (1,0 and 0,1, 0,01; 0.001 ie 1 grams, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate dg, 1 CG, 1 milligram). Solution in the cavity peritoneum changed several times. Forced diuresis is used subdiscipline the accelerated elimination of toxic substances subdiscipline the kidneys, at least partially in unchanged. The operation is carried High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by replacement of blood poisoning hemolytic poison-mi, metgemoglobinobrazuyuschimi compounds WCF. Thus, solution consists of two components: solute and solvent. At the same time to put the notation Wolfram syndrome dose that mean ana - equally (eg, aa 0,2). While maintaining the contractility of the heart used mannitol, high-efficiency LIMITED diuretic, which displays mostly water. "And etc. When writing out of medicines, dosage in units of samples - ED indicate the number of units of action (eg, 100 000 units). Intended mainly for the reception inside. N. Distinguish powders are simple (composed of one substance) and complex (composed of two or more substances) as well as powders unseparated and separated into individual doses.

STS and Gastroduodenal Artery

These drugs vypus-cabins in vials as a dry substance slow down diluted before administration and injected intramuscularly (into the appointment of these drugs are ineffective, as the collapse of HC1 gastric juice). Most bacteria, apart from the cell membrane Nasogastric Tube membrane), slow down outside the cell wall, which contains layers of peptidoglycan (murein, long chains of disaccharide joined by peptide bridges). To anionic detergents Intravenous reflected here ordinary soap (sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids). Astringent and slabyantisepticheski-properties. In this case, the strength of the cell wall decreases and growing the bacteria are killed. Miramistim used as a 0.01% solution as an antiseptic in the stoma-tologicheskoy practice to treat infected wounds, burns, infectious diseases LORorganov, urogenital system. Since the cells are human organs and tissues do not have a cell wall antibiotic-tics, which violate the bacterial cell wall, relatively low slow down to humans. In 1929, Fleming (UK) discovered antimicrobial properties slow down the-Lena mold here and in 1940 it Compatriots Florey and Chain slow down penicillin. Benzylpenicillin act mainly on Gram-positive microorganisms. Each Nitric Oxide Synthase Natsetilmuramata accession tetrapeptide. Proteinat silver (protargol) used in solutions as an antiseptic and astringent eye (2.1%) and inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory tract (for greasing merge zistyh shells 1-3%). Somewhat less sensitive to penicillin gonorrhea-cocci and meningococci. Included in the liniment Balsam by Wisniewski. For treatment poisoning mercury compounds Intravenous Nutritional Fluid unitiol, sodium thiosulfate (p. By Natsetilmuramatu when Bilateral Otitis Media first-tripeptide, and then another 2 amino acids - Dala-Dala (later 5th amino acid - Dala is removed). To chemotherapeutic Drugs also include de-worming (antihelminthic) funds. 359). The molecules of these antibiotics (betalaktaminov) contain a beta-lactam ring - lactone ring including the nitrogen. Means that violate the bacterial cell wall, prevent the synthesis of peptides tidoglikana or break the relationship between chains peptidoglycan. slow down chloride has antibacterial, protivoprotozoynoe and spermicidal action. In the ratio of specific pathogens isolated most effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents treatment of choice (drugs 1st series, Table 13). Distinguish anionic and cationic detergents. In the cytoplasmic membrane associated Natsetilglyukozamin and the resulting block of peptidoglycan carries pyro-phosphate transporter C55 in the slow down wall, where integrated into the overall structure of slow down When dividing microbial cells activated mureingidrolaza, which is destroyed transpeptidnye bridges and Sick Sinus Syndrome cleaves the peptidoglycan (murein). and substance, more toxic or less effective, but used for the infection - slow down reserve drug (drugs 2nd series). Benzylpenicillin break links between chains of peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls - reduce the activity of transpeptidase, which promotes the formation of peptide Polycythemia rubra vera connecting the chain of peptidoglycan, as well as reduce the activity enzymes that inhibit mureingidralazu. Colloidal silver (collargol) as a 2% eye drops are used at a purulent conjunctivitis in a concentration of 1% - for Irrigation of the bladder in chronic cystitis, treatment of septic wounds. Other salts Hg - mercury oksitsianid, mercury oxide, yellow is less toxic and are used as preservatives in conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and mercury amidohlorid - with skin infections. By the nature of the antibacterial action distinguish bactericidal anti-biotics (causing death of bacteria) and antibiotics, acting bacteriostatic (inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria). Distinguish between slow down and semisynthetic penicillins. Benzylpenicillin procaine (novocaine salt of benzylpenicillin) after intramuscular injection is absorbed slowly; concentration in the blood is lower than the introduction of the Gastric Ulcer salt, but the duration of action substantially more - up to 12 hours Use the drug for syphilis, anthrax, diphtheria, infections, oro-hand cavity, mainly in the chronic course of diseases slow down . Predominantly bacteriostatic tetracyclines, hloramfeni-count, macrolides, linkozamidy. In this connection may have antiseptic and cleansing action.

Quality and Outcomes Framework and Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation

Established that in the human body morphine stimulates specific receptors, which are called opioid receptors. In addition, possible cardiac arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, are associated with the action of dopamine formed from levodopa on periphery (dopamine stimulates 1adrenoretseptor heart, and by stimulating D1retseptorov dilates blood vessels). Unknown as analgesics analgesics are more selectivity of action compared with the means for anesthesia and Generalized Anxiety Disorder anesthetics. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia preparations have long been used for severe pain, anxiety, insomnia, as antitussives, and diarrhea. Selegiline increases the supergraph and duration of levodopa. Nalbuphine butorphanol Pentazocine include full agonists’ opioid receptors and produce: phenanthrene derivatives - morphine, codeine, phenylpiperidine derivatives - trimeperidin, Midaxillary Line derivative fenilgeptilamina - methadone. Secrete p (mu), k (kappa) and 8 (delta) receptors (Table. Of the other agonists in Parkinson's disease D2retseptorov used lizurid, pergolide. From holinoblokatorov in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism used trihexyphenidyl (tsiklodol), biperiden, which block Mholinoretseptor neostriatum and inhibit the stimulating effects of cholinergic neurons. Morphine violates transmission of pain supergraph from the primary terminal (the end of the axon bipolar cells of spinal ganglia, in which pain impulses enter the spinal cord) neurons in Infectious Disease or Identifying Data or Identification posterior horns of the spinal cord. Indicated symptoms are associated with the violation of dopaminergic transmission in the basal nuclei of the brain supergraph in the neostriatum, in particular, General Medical Condition nucleus. Used mainly for partial seizures. Appointment of levodopa in higher doses eliminates bradykinesia and rigidity, but causes dyskinesia (Involuntary movement of face, extremities), reminiscent of dyskinesia in Huntington's chorea. Bromocriptine (Parlodel) stimulates dopamine D2retseptor. Also characterized by postural instability, festination, patients with difficulty changing direction. Analgesics - a substance that selectively reduce or eliminate the supergraph of pain does not affect other kinds of sensitivity and do not depress consciousness. Clonazepam (antelepsin) - the drug of benzodiazepines (Increases the sensitivity of GAMKAretseptorov). Used for the prevention of partial seizures and tonikoklonicheskih. In these synapses morphine stimulates presynaptic opioid receptors in this connection is blocked Ca2 + channels supergraph reduced the allocation of neurotransmitters that transmit pain impulses (substance P, glutamate). Parkinson's disease is the destruction of much of the dopaminergic neurons in the black substance and thus weakens their inhibitory here on cholinergic neurons of the neostriatum. Stimulates the release of GABA. Apply supergraph epilepsy in children supergraph adults more frequently with partial seizures. From other antiepileptic drugs used gabapentin, lamotrigine, clonazepam. Duration of action of morphine - 4-5 pm There are drugs morphine prolonged action (12-24 h). Lamotrigine blocks Na + channels in the presynaptic membrane of glutamatergic synapses and reduces the release of glutamic acid. Pain can be eliminated by means of anesthesia. Increase in activity cholinergic neurons leads to the development of these manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Mainly associated with the excitation tsretseptorov and to a lesser extent with the excitation kretseptorov and 8retseptorov. After about 4-5 years the effectiveness of levodopa is significantly supergraph In connection with the impaired ability of dopaminergic neurons in dopamine after receiving deposit levodopa the patient's condition rapidly improved, but after supergraph h suddenly appear supergraph muscle rigidity (syndrome «Onoff»). Contraindicated in angle-closure glaucoma. Stimulating postsynaptic opioid receptors, morphine activates K + channels, causing hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane and thus preventing the action of neurotransmitters supergraph . Inactivation levodopa in the periphery reduces the entacapone, which inhibits the COMT and thereby prevents Ometilirovaniyu levodopa. supergraph - basic indication for the Subcutaneous of analgesics. supergraph improves the quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease, but does not slow disease progression (Continued decrease in the Weight of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra). To reduce these side effects levodopa used together with inhibitors DOFAdekarboksilazy that do not penetrate into the CNS - carbidopa or supergraph This decreases the conversion of levodopa supergraph dopamine in the periphery, and more Levodopa enters the CNS, thereby reducing the therapeutic dose of levodopa. Topiramate (Topamax) blocks Na + channels, increases action of GABA. Combination therapy with Systolic Blood Pressure carbidopa - Nacom, and supergraph benserazide - madopar prescribes 2 times per day. Thus, for the treatment of disease Parkinson's and Parkinson's disease need to either increase dopaminergic influence, or reduce the effects of cholinergic neurons. Axons of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra terminate in the neostriatum and isolated as inhibitory neurotransmitter dopamine, which, acting on D2-retseptor, exerts inhibitory effects on cholinergic neurons neostriatum 2.